Javed Ahmed Ghamidi
Vocabulary
Meanings of Difficult Words
Many find Javed Ahmed Ghamidi’s vocabulary too complex for everyday understanding. Here’s a dictionary of difficult Urdu words he and other scholars often use.
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| aa'ilee qanoon / عائلی قانون | family law |
| aaeen / آئین | constitution |
| Aam-o-Khaas / عام و خاص | General and Specific |
| aamriyat / آمریت | dictatorship |
| aarzi / عارضی | temporary, transitional |
| abadi / ابدی | eternal, permanent |
| adab / ادب | literature |
| adl / عدل | justice |
| aizzah wa aqarib / اعزواقارب | close relations |
| akhz / اخذ | adaptation / derive |
| aksariyat / اکثریت | majority |
| Al-Muwāfaqāt (Shāṭibī) / الموافقات (شاطبی) | Al-Muwafaqat (Shatibi's book) |
| Al-Risālah (Shāfiʿī) / الرسالہ (شافعی) | Al-Risalah (Shafi'i's book) |
| alambardaar / علم بردار | leader |
| Almiya / المیہ | Tragedy |
| Āmādah / آمادہ | Prepared, willing |
| Amr (Awāmir) / امر ( + اوامر ) | Command(s) |
| Amr (Ulul-Amr) / امر (اولی الامر) | Command (Those in Authority) |
| amuman / عموماً | usually |
| Andesha / اندیشہ | Concern / Worry |
| Aqeedah / عقیدہ | Belief |
| aqwaam e muttehada / اقوام متحدہ | united nations |
| araa / آراء | opinions (plural of rae) |
| Arabi Moalla / عربی معلیٰ | Classical Arabic |
| Asaas /اساس | Foundation / Basis |
| Asal (Usool) / اصل (اصول) | Origin / Principle (Principles) |
| asloob / اسلوب | tariqa, style |
| asraat / اثرات | effects (plural of asar) |
| ataee / عطائ | quack |
| Āthār / آثار | Remnants, traces |
| Āyat-e Baḥth / آیۂ بحث | Verse under discussion |
| aziyaat / اذیت | torture |
| azkaar / اذکار | plural of zikr/ Phrases (particularly said in prayers) |
| baatil / باطل | falsehood |
| bad diyaanati / بد دیانتی | dishonesty |
| bahaesiyati majmui / بحیثیت مجموعی | in total; considering all things |
| bahami / باہمی | mutual |
| Baḥth wa Nizāʿ / بحث و نزاع | Debate and conflict |
| bainul aqwaami / بین الاقوامی | international |
| bairooni / بیرونی | foreign |
| Bait / بیعت | Allegiance |
| Bala Dasti / بالا دستی | Supremacy |
| Bāqiyāt / باقیات | Remnants, remaining |
| bar aks / برعکس | opposite |
| baseerat / بصیرت | insight, perception |
| Bātinī Ḥawās / باطنی حواس | Inner senses |
| Bayaniyah (Jawabi Bayaniyah) / بیانیہ (جوابی بیانیہ) | Narrative (Counter-Narrative) |
| Bina-e-Istidlal / بِناے استدلال | Basis of Argument / Reasoning |
| daaee / داعی | person who engages in dawah; missionary |
| daaera / دائرہ | circle, limits |
| Dabistan (Dabistan-e-Shibli) / دبستان (دبستانِ شبلی) | School (e.g., Shibli's School of Thought) |
| Dainoonat / دینونت | Judgment |
| Dākhilī Taẓād / دَاخلِی تضاد | Internal contradiction |
| Danish (Ilm-o-Danish) / دانش (علم و دانش) | Wisdom (Knowledge and Wisdom) |
| Dar-o-Bast / در و بست | Cohesion / Unity |
| Dastāwīzī Shahādat / دستاویزی شہادت | Documentary evidence |
| Dāʾira-e Iṭlāq / دائرۂ اطلاق | Scope of application |
| Dīnūnat-e Sughrā / دینونتِ صغریٰ | Minor reckoning |
| Discourse / ڈسکورس | Discourse |
| ehtejaaj / احتجاج | protest |
| fahem / فہم | comprehend |
| fanni / فنّی | technicality |
| Far' (Furu') / فرع (فروع) | Branch (Branches) |
| fareeza / فریضہ | duty |
| farokht / فروخت | to sell |
| Fasaad (Fasaad fil Arz) / فساد (فساد فی الارض) | Corruption / Mischief (Corruption in the land) |
| Fatwā / فتویٰ | Religious decree |
| Fikr (Afkaar) / فکر (افکار) | Thought / Idea (Thoughts) |
| fikri / فکری | intellectual |
| Fitrat (Bayan-e-Fitrat) / فطرت (بیانِ فطرت) | Nature (Explanation of Nature) |
| fitri / فطری | as per fitrat / natural |
| funoone lateefa / فنون لطیفہ | fine arts |
| Furqān (Kasūṭī) / فرقان (کسوٹی) | Criterion (measure) |
| ghalba / غلبہ | dominance, prevalence |
| girdopesh / گردوپیش | all around |
| hadaf / ہدف | goal, target, object |
| Hadd (Hudood-o-Tazirat) / حد (حدود و تعزیرات) | Limit / Boundary (Limits and Punishments) |
| Hal-o-Aqd (Arbab-e-Hal-o-Aqd) / حل و عقد (اربابِ حل و عقد) | Decision-Making / Resolution (Decision-Makers) |
| hamahang / ہم آہنگ | assonance, matching |
| hassaas / حساس | susceptible /sensitive |
| hawaas / حواس | senses |
| Hikmat (Qanoon-o-Hikmat) / حکمت (قانون و حکمت) | Wisdom (Law and Wisdom) |
| idraak / ادراک | mental capacity to understand complex details |
| ifhaam / افہام | understanding |
| Ihyaa / احیاء | Revival or renewal |
| ijaad / ایجاد | invent |
| ijma / اجماع | consensus |
| Ijmal / اجمال | Summary / Conciseness |
| ijtehaad / اجتہاد | independent reasoning |
| ijtemaa / اجتماع | grouping, public |
| ikhtesaar / اختصار | abbreviation |
| Ikhtilaf / اختلاف | Difference / Disagreement |
| ikhtiyaar / اختیار | authority |
| ilhaam / الہام | Devine message |
| Illat / علت | Cause / Reason |
| Ilm-e-Kalam / علمِ کلام | Theology |
| Imām wa Faqīh / امام و فقیہ | Religious leader and jurist |
| Imarat / اِمارت | Leadership / Emirate |
| infiraadi / انفرادی | individual |
| inhiraaf / انحراف | going against |
| Intiha Pasandi / انتہا پسندی | Extremism |
| intikhabaat / انتخابات | elections |
| inzaar / انذار | warn |
| iqamat / اقامت | establish |
| iqdamaat / اقدامات | taking action/steps |
| iqtidaar / اقتدار | power |
| Irtikaab / ارتکاب | Commission (of an act) |
| irtiqa / ارتقاء | evolution |
| islah / اصلاح | reform |
| istefada / استفادہ | benefit |
| istelah / اصطلاح | terminology |
| istidlaal / استدلال | argument |
| Istidlāl / استدلال | Deductive reasoning |
| Istidlāl / استدلال | Deductive reasoning |
| Istifada / استفادہ | Benefit / Use |
| Istifham / استفہام | Inquiry / Interrogation |
| Istihqaq / استحقاق | Entitlement |
| istihsaal / استحصال | exploit |
| Istihsal / استحصال | Exploitation |
| Istikhrājī Istidlāl / استخراجی استدلال | Deductive reasoning |
| istimbaaat / استنباط | derive |
| istiqra / استقراء | inductive reasoning |
| Istiqrāʾī Manṭiq / استقرائی منطق | Inductive reasoning |
| Istiqsa / استقصا | Investigation / Thorough Examination |
| istisna / استثناء | exception |
| istita'at / استطاعت | capability/capacity |
| itaa'at / اطاعت | obey |
| Itlaq (Itlaqaat) / اطلاق (اطلاقات) | Application (Applications) |
| izaafi / اضافی | additional |
| izteraab / اضطراب | anxiety |
| Jabr / جبر | Compulsion / Coercion |
| Jadeed Zehn / جدید ذہن | Modern Mindset |
| Jāhilī Adab / جاہلی ادب | Pre-Islamic (ignorant) literature |
| Jāhilī ʿArab / جاہلی عرب | Pre-Islamic Arabs |
| jalwat\khalwat / جلوت خلوت | public/solitude |
| Jamal-o-Kamal / جمال و کمال | Beauty and Perfection |
| Jamaliyati His / جمالیاتی حس | Aesthetic sense |
| Jamhoor (Jamhoori Nizam) / جمہور (جمہوری نظام) | Majority / Democratic System |
| jamhoori / جمہوری | democratic |
| jamme ghafeer / جم غفیر | a large group |
| jaraim / جرائم | plural of jurm/crimes |
| Jaza-o-Saza / جزا و سزا | Reward and Punishment |
| Jibillat / جبلت | Instinct |
| Jila Watni / جلا وطنی | Exile |
| jumood / جمود | pause, passivity |
| juzziyaat / جزیات | details |
| kareena / قرینہ | point |
| kashf / کشف | vision |
| Khair-o-Shar / خیر و شر | Good and Evil |
| Khaṭā / خطا | Error |
| khayroshar/خیر وشر | good and bad |
| Khor-o-Nosh / خور و نوش | Food and Drink |
| Khurooj (Baghawat) / خروج (بغاوت) | Rebellion / Insurrection |
| Lā Muḥālah / لا مُحالہ | Inevitably |
| Laiha-e-Amal / لائحہ عمل | Plan of Action |
| lazawaal / لاذوال | never ending |
| libaada / لبادہ | cover/cloth |
| maaddah / مادہ | matter |
| Maakhaz / Marja' / ماخذ / مرجع | Source / Reference |
| maaroof / معروف | common, commonly known |
| maazi/mustaqbil / ماضی/ مستقبل | past and future |
| Mabhas (Mabahis) / مبحث (مباحث) | Discourse / Discussion (Discourses) |
| madaar / مدار | orbit |
| Madrasa-e-Fikr / Maktab-e-Fikr / مدرسۂ فکر / مکتبِ فکر | School of Thought |
| maftooh / مفتوح | conquer |
| maghrib / مغرب | west |
| Mahal (Mauqa-o-Mahal) / محل (موقع و محل) | Context (Occasion and Context) |
| Maḥall-e Ijtihād / محلِ اجتہاد | Place for independent reasoning (Ijtihad) |
| Maḥall-e Naẓar / محلِ نظر | Place for consideration |
| Maḥall-e Tadabbur / محلِ تدبر | Place for contemplation |
| Maḥdhūf / محذوف | Omitted |
| maishat / معیشت | economics |
| Majmūʿa-e Taẓādāt / مجموعۂ تضادات | Collection of contradictions |
| Maktūb (Khaṭ) / مکتوب (خط) | Written (letter) |
| malhooz / ملحوظ | regard |
| malookiyat / ملوکیت | monarchy |
| mamba / منبع | source |
| manfi / منفی | negative |
| Manhaj-e-Fikr / منہجِ فکر | Methodology of thought or intellectual approach |
| Manṣa-e Shuhūd / منصۂ شہود | Stage of witnessing |
| mansab / منصب | designation |
| mansha / منشاء | intention |
| Manshoor / منشور | Manifesto |
| mansooba / منصوبہ | plans |
| Mansūkh / منسوخ | The abrogated (old law) |
| mantiq / منطق | logic |
| maqasid / مقاصد | plural of maqsad |
| marahil / مراحل | stages, steps |
| marasim / مراسم | relations |
| Marboot / مربوط | Connected or integrated |
| marhala / مرحلہ | stage station |
| markaz / مرکز | centered/focus |
| maroobiyat / مرعوبیت | influence |
| Maroof-o-Munkar / معروف و منکر | Right and Wrong / Good and Evil |
| maruziyat / معروضیت | objectivity |
| masaael / مسائل | problems |
| mashriq / مشرق | east |
| Masraḥ-e ʿĀlam / مسرحِ عالم | World stage |
| Matn (Matn-e-Hadith) / متن (متنِ حدیث) | Text (Text of Hadith) |
| Matn-e-Hadith / متنِ حدیث | The textual content of a Hadith |
| Mau'izat / موعظت | Admonition |
| Mauzoon / موزوں | Suitable / Appropriate |
| Mauzu' / موضوع | Subject / Topic |
| Mawqif / موقف | Stance, position |
| Mawẓūʿī / موضوعی | Subjective |
| mazeed / مزید | more |
| mazmoon / مضمون | common topic |
| Maʾmūr Min Allāh / مامور من اللہ | Appointed by God |
| Maʿrūẓī / معروضی | Objective |
| minhaaj / منہاج | way, path, program |
| Minhaj / منہاج | Methodology |
| miraas / میراث | inheritance, heritage, legacy |
| moajze / معجزہ | miracles |
| mohaqqiq / محقق | researcher |
| mu'aashrat / معاشرت | social |
| muaashirat / معاشرت | society |
| muaashra / معاشرہ | society |
| muamma / معمہ | puzzle |
| mubaadi / مبادی | core |
| Mubahasah / مباحثہ | Discussion |
| Mubarrahan / مبرہن | Demonstrated, proven |
| mubayyana / مبینہ | allegedly |
| Mubham (Ibham) / مبہم (ابہام) | Ambiguous (Ambiguity) |
| mufakkir / مفکر | thinker (fikr karne waala) |
| muhaafiz / محافظ | guardian |
| muhaqqiq / محقق | researcher |
| Muḥkamāt / محکمات | Clear verses |
| Muḥṣanah / محصنہ | Chaste woman |
| mujtahideen / مجتہدین | people who do ijtehaad |
| Mukāfāt / مکافات | Retribution |
| Mukalama / مکالمہ | Dialogue |
| mukallaf / مکلف | accountable (religiously) |
| Mukāshafah / مکاشفہ | Revelation |
| mukhaatibeen / مخاطبین | audience |
| Munazara / مناظرہ | Debate |
| munazzam / منظم | organize |
| munsif / منصف | judge |
| muntakhab / منتخب | elected |
| murattab / مرتب | put in order |
| musallam مسلّم | whole/complete |
| musbat / مثبت | positive |
| mushaahida / مشاہدہ | observation |
| mustanad / مستند | authentic |
| mustasna / مستثناء | exempt/exception |
| mutaala / مطالعہ | study |
| mutaalaba / مطالبہ | demand |
| mutaiyyan / متعین | pin point/identify |
| Mutashābihāt / متشابہات | Ambiguous verses |
| Mutawazi / متوازی | Parallel |
| muyassar / میسر | available |
| Muzakara / مذاکرہ | Deliberation |
| muzammat / مذمت | censure |
| muzmar / مضمر | hidden, concealed |
| naafiz / نافذ | implement |
| nafi / نفی | negate |
| nafs / نفس | mind, soul |
| Nafsiyaat (Nafsiyati Mas'alah) / نفسیات (نفسیاتی مسئلہ) | Psychology (Psychological Issue) |
| Nafsiyātī Tajziyah / نفسیاتی تجزیہ | Psychological analysis |
| naguzeer / ناگزیر | inevitable |
| Nahī (Nawāhī) / نواہی (نہی) | Prohibition(s) |
| namudaar / نمودار | appear |
| Naqd wa Jarḥ / نقد و جرح | Criticism and evaluation |
| Naqd-o-Nazar ki Classical Riwayat / نقد و نظر کی کلاسیکی روایت | The classical tradition of critique and analysis |
| Naql (Aql-o-Naql) / نقل (عقل و نقل) | Tradition (Reason and Tradition) |
| Nāsiḵ / ناسخ | The abrogator (new law) |
| natamaam / ناتمام | incomplete |
| Nateejah-e-Fikr (Nataij) / نتیجۂ فکر (نتائج) | Conclusion / Outcome (Outcomes) |
| nauiyat / نوعیت | characteristic/category |
| Nazm-e-Ijtimai / نظمِ اجتماعی | Social Order |
| Nazm-e-Kalaam / نظم کلام | Structure of Speech / Order of Discourse / Coherence |
| Nazm-o-tarteeb / نظم و ترتیب | Order and arrangement |
| nifaaz / نفاذ | implementation |
| nisar / نثار | sacrifice |
| Nizaam / نظامِ | System |
| nizameshamsi / نظامِ شمسی | solar system |
| numaindagi / نمائندگی | representation |
| nuqta e nazar / نقطۂ نظر | point of view |
| Nuzūlī Tartīb / نزولی ترتیب | Descending order |
| paamaal / پامال | beaten, crushed |
| Parwardigār / پروردگار | Lord, Sustainer |
| peshangoi / پیشین گوئ | prediction/forecast |
| qabaeli / قبائلی | tribal |
| Qaḥbah / قحبہ | Prostitute |
| Qaim Shudah / قائم شدہ | Established |
| Qānūnī Ḥaysiyat / قانونی حیثیت | Legal status |
| Qānūnī Sanad / قانونی سند | Legal document |
| Qareena / قرینہ | point |
| Qat'i / Hatmi / قطعی / حتمی | Definitive / Final |
| Qat’i al-Dalala / قطعی الدلالہ | Definitive Evidence |
| Qat‘i li-Ghairihi / قطعی لغیرہٖ | Definitive through corroboration (a source or evidence that gains certainty through association with definitive evidence) |
| Qatl-e Nafs / قتلِ نفس | Killing of the soul/self (suicide) |
| Qaum (Aqwam) / قوم (اقوام) | Nation (Nations) |
| qawaneen / قوانین (قانون کی جمع) | laws |
| qeh-qaha uraana / قہقہہ اڑانا | laugh or mock others/ |
| qillat / قلت | deficiency |
| Qitaal (Jihad-o-Qitaal) / قتال (جہاد و قتال) | Fighting (Jihad and Combat) |
| qiyadat / قیادت | leadership |
| Qiyās / قیاس | Analogical reasoning |
| rabubiyat / ربوبیت | god's provision |
| raddeamal / ردِّعمل | reaction |
| rahnuma / رہنما | guide/leader |
| Rai (Araa) / راے (آراء) | Opinion (Opinions) |
| Rasikh (Rusuukh) / راسخ (رسوخ) | Firm / Established (Establishment) |
| Riwayat (Hadith, Tareekhi Riwayat) / روایت (حدیث، تاریخی روایت) | Narration (Hadith, Historical Narration) |
| Riwayat / Riwayati Fikr / روایت / روایتی فکر | Tradition / Traditional Thought |
| roz marra / روز مرّہ | matter of everyday |
| Sa'ee / سعی | Effort / Struggle |
| Sadd-e Rāh / سد راہ | Obstruction |
| Sadd-e-Zariya / سد ذریعہ | Prevention of Means |
| sahaafi / صحافی | journalist |
| saiyaara / سیارہ | planet |
| sakhtiyati lisaniyat / ساختی لسانیت | structural linguistics |
| salaah / اصلاح | order (opposite of fasaad)/correction |
| saleebi jung / صلیبی جنگ | crusade |
| Sanihah / سانحہ | Incident / Catastrophe |
| saqafti / ثقافتی | traditional |
| Sar Rishta / سر رشتہ | Link / Connection |
| Sarguzasht (Sarguzasht-e-Inzaar) / سرگذشت (سرگزشت انذار) | Story / Account (Story of Warning) |
| Ṣawāb / صواب | Correctness |
| Saʿādat / سعادت | Blessedness, success |
| Seerat-o-Sawaneh / سیرت و سوانح | Life and Biography |
| shaad / شاد | happy |
| shaaz / شاذ | rare |
| shaistagi / شائستگی | politely |
| Shajar-e Mamnūʿah / شجرِ ممنوعہ | Forbidden tree |
| Shaʿāʾir / شعائر | Sacred symbols |
| sifaat / صفات | qualities |
| sifaati / صفاتی | qualitative |
| sinf / صنف | genre |
| Siyaaq-o-Sabaq / سیاق و سباق | Context |
| Sunnat (Sunnat-e-Ilahi) / سنت (سنتِ الہی) | Divine Sunnah, Dealings and Practices of God |
| Sunnat (Sunnat-e-Mutawatera) / سنت (سنتِ متواترہ) | Sunnah (Continuous Sunnah) |
| Ṣuʿūdī Tartīb / صعودی ترتیب | Ascending order |
| Ta'ameer (Ta'ameer-e-Shakhsiyat) / تعمیر (تعمیرِ شخصیت) | Development / Construction (Personality Development) |
| Ta’weel / تاویل | Interpretation |
| taabeer / تعبیر | interpretation |
| taaveel / تاویل | reasoning |
| taazeeb / تعذیب | punish |
| Tabeer-e-No / تعبیرِ نو | New Interpretation |
| Tabyeen-o-Tafheem / تبیین و تفہیم | Explanation and Understanding |
| tadabbur / تدبر | observe deeply, investigate, ponder |
| Tadeeb (Aurat ki Tadeeb) / تادیب (عورت کی تادیب) | Discipline / Correction (Discipline of a woman) |
| tadreeji / تدریجی | gradually |
| Tadween / تدوین | Compilation |
| taeed / تائید | concur |
| tafheem / تفہیم | explanation |
| Tafseel / تفصیل | Detail |
| Tag wa Do (Saʿī) / تگ و دو (سعی) | Struggle and effort |
| taghaiuur / تغير | change |
| tahaffuz / تحفظ | protection/safety |
| taham / تاہم | therefore |
| tahammul / تحمل | tolerance |
| tahreek / تحریک | movement |
| tahreer / تحریر | composition, writing |
| Tahẕībī Riwāyat / تہذیبی روایت | Cultural tradition |
| tajaweez / تجویز تجاویز | proposal |
| Tajdeed-o-Islah / تجدید و اصلاح | Renewal and Reform |
| tajziya / تجزیہ | examination, analysis |
| takallum / تکلم | speaking/communication |
| Takfeer / تکفیر | Declaration of Disbelief (Excommunication in religious context) |
| takhleeq / تخلیق | creation |
| Taleef (Jumlay ki Taleef) / تالیف (جملے کی تالیف) | Composition (Composition of sentences) |
| talkeen / تلقین | advice |
| tamaddun / تمدّن | civilization |
| Tamaddunī Ḥālat / تمدنی حالت | Civilizational state |
| tamheed / تمہید | preface |
| tamseel / تمثیل | allegory, drama |
| tanaasub / تناسب | harmony/proportion |
| tanaazur / تناظر | perspective |
| Tanqeed / تنقید | Criticism |
| Tanqeeh / تنقیح | Revision / Refinement |
| Tansīkh / تنسیخ | Abrogation |
| tanzeem / تنظیم | organization |
| taqaddus / تقدّس | sanctity, holiness |
| taqarrur / تقرّر | appoint |
| Taqleed / تقلید | Imitation / Following (in a traditional sense) |
| Taqreer-o-Tasweeb / تقریر و تصویب | Speech and Approval |
| taraddud / تردّد | irresolution |
| tarmeem / ترمیم | amend, renovate |
| tarteeb / ترتیب | order, structure |
| tasaadum / تصادم | conflict, collision, clash |
| tasavvur / تصوّر | imagination/perception |
| Tasawwuf / تصوف | Sufism |
| tashaddud / تشدّد | violence/violence |
| Tashkeel-e-Jadeed / تشکیلِ جدید | Reformation / Reconstruction |
| tashrihi / تشریحی | analytical |
| tashvish / تشویش | suspense, suspicion |
| Tat'awwuh / تطوع | Voluntary Act |
| Tatheer (Tatheer-e-Badan) / تطہیر (تطہیرِ بدن) | Purification (Purification of the Body) |
| tatheer / تطہیر | purification |
| tauzeeh / توضیح | elaborate, clarify, investigate |
| tawanaai / توانائ | energy |
| tawatur / تواتر | perpetuation; continual adherance |
| tawazun / توازن | balance, equality |
| tazkeer / تذکیر | repetition of words/ doing zikr |
| tazkiya / تزکیہ | purification |
| tehreek / تحریک | movement |
| Toam / توام | Twin |
| uloom / علوم | knowledge (ilm) |
| Ummahat-e-Kutub / امہاتِ کتب | Primary / Foundational Books |
| umoomi / عمومی | common |
| unsar / عنصر | atom/portion |
| usloob / اسلوب | style/diction/way |
| waazey / واضح | clear |
| wajdaan / وجدان | intuition |
| Worldview / ورلڈ ویوو | Worldview |
| zaabta / ضابطہ | discipline/constitution/law |
| Ẓāhirī Ḥawās / ظاہری حواس | Outer senses |
| zahoor / ظہور | zaahir hona, appear |
| zakheeray / ذخیرہ | storage |
| zanni/dhanni / ظنّی | unverifiable |
| Zanni Maakhiz / ظنی مآخذ | Probabilistic or conjectural sources |
| Zauq / ذوق | Taste / Appreciation (often of art or beauty) |
| zawabit-e qudrat / ضوابط قدرت | natural laws |
| Zehn / ذہن | Mind |
| ʿĀlam-e Ru'yā / عالمِ رؤیا | The world of dreams |
| ʿAmal-e Ṣāliḥ / عملِ صالح | Righteous deed |
| ʿĀmiyānah Taqlīd / عامیانہ تقلید | Blind imitation |
| ʿAṭf wa Maʿṭūf / عطف و معطوف | Conjunction and its conjunct |
| اتمام حجت/itmaam e hujjat | completion of proof |
Information
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