Javed Ahmed Ghamidi

Vocabulary

Meanings of Difficult Words

Many find Javed Ahmed Ghamidi’s vocabulary too complex for everyday understanding. Here’s a dictionary of difficult Urdu words he and other scholars often use.

WordDefinition
aa'ilee qanoon / عائلی قانونfamily law
aaeen / آئینconstitution
Aam-o-Khaas / عام و خاصGeneral and Specific
aamriyat / آمریتdictatorship
aarzi / عارضیtemporary, transitional
abadi / ابدیeternal, permanent
adab / ادبliterature
adl / عدلjustice
Aizzah o aqarib / اعزہ و اقاربclose relations
akhz / اخذadaptation / derive
Akkas / عکاس
Reflector
aksariyat / اکثریتmajority
Al-Muwāfaqāt (Shāṭibī) / الموافقات (شاطبی)Al-Muwafaqat (Shatibi's book)
Al-Risālah (Shāfiʿī) / الرسالہ (شافعی)Al-Risalah (Shafi'i's book)
alambardaar / علم بردارleader
Alaamati Izhaar / علامتی اظہار
Symbolic Expression
Almiya / المیہTragedy
Āmādah / آمادہPrepared, willing
Amali Wujood / عملی وجود
Practical Existence
Amr (Awāmir) / امر ( + اوامر )Command(s)
Amr (Ulul-Amr) / امر (اولی الامر)Command (Those in Authority)
amuman / عموماًusually
Andesha / اندیشہConcern / Worry
Aqeedah / عقیدہBelief
aqwaam e muttehada / اقوام متحدہunited nations
araa / آراءopinions (plural of rae)
Arabi Moalla / عربی معلیٰClassical Arabic
Asaas /اساسFoundation / Basis
Asal (Usool) / اصل (اصول)Origin / Principle (Principles)
asraat / اثراتeffects (plural of asar)
ataee / عطائquack
Āthār / آثارRemnants, traces
Āyat-e Baḥth / آیۂ بحثVerse under discussion
aziyaat / اذیتtorture
azkaar / اذکارplural of zikr/ Phrases (particularly said in prayers)
Azmat-e-Raftah / عظمتِ رفتہ
Past Glory
baatil / باطلfalsehood
Baa'is-e-Ajr / باعث اجرSource of Reward
Badeehi o Nazari / بدیہی و نظری
Intuitive and Theoretical
bad diyaanati / بد دیانتیdishonesty
bahaesiyati majmui / بحیثیت مجموعیin total; considering all things
bahami / باہمیmutual
Baḥth wa Nizāʿ / بحث و نزاعDebate and conflict
bainul aqwaami / بین الاقوامیinternational
bairooni / بیرونیforeign
Bait / بیعتAllegiance
Bala Dasti / بالا دستیSupremacy
Bāqiyāt / باقیاتRemnants, remaining
bar aks / برعکسopposite
baseerat / بصیرتinsight, perception
Bātinī Ḥawās / باطنی حواسInner senses
Baatini Mazahir / باطنی مظاہر
Internal Manifestations
Bayaniyah (Jawabi Bayaniyah) / بیانیہ (جوابی بیانیہ)Narrative (Counter-Narrative)
Bina-e-Istidlal / بِناے استدلالBasis of Argument / Reasoning
daaee / داعیperson who engages in dawah; missionary
daaera / دائرہcircle, limits
Dabistan (Dabistan-e-Shibli) / دبستان (دبستانِ شبلی)School (e.g., Shibli's School of Thought)
Dainoonat / دینونتJudgment
Dākhilī Taẓād / دَاخلِی تضادInternal contradiction
Danish (Ilm-o-Danish) / دانش (علم و دانش)Wisdom (Knowledge and Wisdom)
Dar-o-Bast / در و بستCohesion / Unity
Dastāwīzī Shahādat / دستاویزی شہادتDocumentary evidence
Dāʾira-e Iṭlāq / دائرۂ اطلاقScope of application
Dīnūnat-e Sughrā / دینونتِ صغریٰMinor reckoning
Discourse / ڈسکورسDiscourse
ehtejaaj / احتجاجprotest
Fail o Infi'al / فعل و انفعال
Action and Reaction
fahem / فہمcomprehend
fanni / فنّیtechnicality
Far' (Furu') / فرع (فروع)Branch (Branches)
fareeza / فریضہduty
farokht / فروختto sell
Fasaad (Fasaad fil Arz) / فساد (فساد فی الارض)Corruption / Mischief (Corruption in the land)
Fasl-e-Niza'aat / فصل نزاعاتResolution of Disputes
Fatwā / فتویٰReligious decree
Fikr (Afkaar) / فکر (افکار)Thought / Idea (Thoughts)
fikri / فکریintellectual
Fitrat (Bayan-e-Fitrat) / فطرت (بیانِ فطرت)Nature (Explanation of Nature)
fitri / فطریas per fitrat / natural
funoone lateefa / فنون لطیفہfine arts
Furqān (Kasūṭī) / فرقان (کسوٹی)Criterion (measure)
ghalba / غلبہdominance, prevalence
girdopesh / گردوپیشall around
hadaf / ہدفgoal, target, object
Hadd (Hudood-o-Tazirat) / حد (حدود و تعزیرات)Limit / Boundary (Limits and Punishments)
Haiz o Nifas / حیض و نفاس
Menstruation and Postpartum Bleeding
Hal-o-Aqd (Arbab-e-Hal-o-Aqd) / حل و عقد (اربابِ حل و عقد)Decision-Making / Resolution (Decision-Makers)
hamahang / ہم آہنگassonance, matching
Hamiyyat o Himayat / حمیت و حمایتZeal and Support
hassaas / حساسsusceptible /sensitive
hawaas / حواسsenses
Hikmat (Qanoon-o-Hikmat) / حکمت (قانون و حکمت)Wisdom (Law and Wisdom)
Husn o Qubh / حسن و قبح
Good and Evil
idraak / ادراکmental capacity to understand complex details
ifhaam / افہامunderstanding
Ihyaa / احیاءRevival or renewal
ijaad / ایجادinvent
ijma / اجماعconsensus
Ijmal / اجمالSummary / Conciseness
ijtehaad / اجتہادindependent reasoning
ijtemaa / اجتماعgrouping, public
ikhtesaar / اختصارabbreviation
Ikhtilaf / اختلافDifference / Disagreement
ikhtiyaar / اختیارauthority
ilhaam / الہامDevine message
Ilhami Literature / الہامی لٹریچرRevealed Literature
Illat / علتCause / Reason
Ilm-e-Iztirari / علمِ اضطراری
Compulsory Knowledge
Ilm-e-Kalam / علمِ کلامTheology
Imām wa Faqīh / امام و فقیہReligious leader and jurist
Imarat / اِمارتLeadership / Emirate
infiraadi / انفرادیindividual
inhiraaf / انحرافgoing against
Intiha Pasandi / انتہا پسندیExtremism
Intishar-e-Ma'ani / انتشارِ معانی
Dispersion of Meanings
intikhabaat / انتخاباتelections
inzaar / انذارwarn
Iqamat / اقامتEstablish / Call to Establish Prayer
iqdamaat / اقداماتtaking action/steps
iqtidaar / اقتدارpower
Irtikaab / ارتکابCommission (of an act)
irtiqa / ارتقاءevolution
islah / اصلاحreform
istefada / استفادہbenefit
istelah / اصطلاحterminology
istidlaal / استدلالargument
Istifada / استفادہBenefit / Use
Istifham / استفہامInquiry / Interrogation
Istihqaq / استحقاقEntitlement
istihsaal / استحصالexploit
Istikhrājī Istidlāl / استخراجی استدلالDeductive reasoning
istimbaaat / استنباطderive
istiqra / استقراءinductive reasoning
Istiqrāʾī Manṭiq / استقرائی منطقInductive reasoning
Istiqsa / استقصاInvestigation / Thorough Examination
istisna / استثناءexception
istita'at / استطاعتcapability/capacity
itaa'at / اطاعتobey
Itlaq (Itlaqaat) / اطلاق (اطلاقات)Application (Applications)
Itlaqi Masail / اطلاقی مسائل
Applied Issues
izaafi / اضافیadditional
izteraab / اضطرابanxiety
Jabr / جبرCompulsion / Coercion
Jadeed Zehn / جدید ذہنModern Mindset
Jāhilī Adab / جاہلی ادبPre-Islamic (ignorant) literature
Jāhilī ʿArab / جاہلی عربPre-Islamic Arabs
jalwat\khalwat / جلوت خلوتpublic/solitude
Jamal-o-Kamal / جمال و کمالBeauty and Perfection
Jamaliyati His / جمالیاتی حسAesthetic sense
Jamhoor (Jamhoori Nizam) / جمہور (جمہوری نظام)Majority / Democratic System
jamhoori / جمہوریdemocratic
jamme ghafeer / جم غفیرa large group
jaraim / جرائمplural of jurm/crimes
Jaza-o-Saza / جزا و سزاReward and Punishment
Jibillat / جبلتInstinct
Jila Watni / جلا وطنیExile
jumood / جمودpause, passivity
juzziyaat / جزیاتdetails
kareena / قرینہpoint
kashf / کشفvision
Khair-o-Shar / خیر و شرGood and Evil
Khaṭā / خطاError
khayroshar/خیر وشرgood and bad
Khor-o-Nosh / خور و نوشFood and Drink
Khurooj (Baghawat) / خروج (بغاوت)Rebellion / Insurrection
Lā Muḥālah / لا مُحالہInevitably
Laiha-e-Amal / لائحہ عملPlan of Action
lazawaal / لاذوالnever ending
libaada / لبادہcover/cloth
Luzoom / لزوم
Necessity
Ma'ad / معاد
Hereafter
Ma'il / مائلInclined
maaddah / مادہmatter
Maakhaz / Marja' / ماخذ / مرجعSource / Reference
maaroof / معروفcommon, commonly known
maazi/mustaqbil / ماضی/ مستقبلpast and future
Ma Ba'ad -e- Jadeediyat / ما بعد جدیدیت
Postmodernism
Mabhas (Mabahis) / مبحث (مباحث)Discourse / Discussion (Discourses)
madaar / مدارorbit
Madrasa-e-Fikr / Maktab-e-Fikr / مدرسۂ فکر / مکتبِ فکرSchool of Thought
maftooh / مفتوحconquer
maghrib / مغربwest
Mahal (Mauqa-o-Mahal) / محل (موقع و محل)Context (Occasion and Context)
Maḥall-e Ijtihād / محلِ اجتہادPlace for independent reasoning (Ijtihad)
Maḥall-e Naẓar / محلِ نظرPlace for consideration
Maḥall-e Tadabbur / محلِ تدبرPlace for contemplation
Maḥdhūf / محذوفOmitted
Mahiyyat / ماہیت
Essence
maishat / معیشتeconomics
Majmūʿa-e Taẓādāt / مجموعۂ تضاداتCollection of contradictions
Maktūb (Khaṭ) / مکتوب (خط)Written (letter)
malhooz / ملحوظregard
malookiyat / ملوکیتmonarchy
mamba / منبعsource
manfi / منفیnegative
Manhaj-e-Fikr / منہجِ فکرMethodology of thought or intellectual approach
Manṣa-e Shuhūd / منصۂ شہودStage of witnessing
mansab / منصبdesignation
mansha / منشاءintention
Manshoor / منشورManifesto
mansooba / منصوبہplans
Mansūkh / منسوخThe abrogated (old law)
mantiq / منطقlogic
maqasid / مقاصدplural of maqsad
marahil / مراحلstages, steps
marasim / مراسمrelations
Marboot / مربوطConnected or integrated
marhala / مرحلہstage station
Marhoon-e-Mannat / مرہونِ منت
Indebted
markaz / مرکزcentered/focus
maroobiyat / مرعوبیتinfluence
Maroof-o-Munkar / معروف و منکرRight and Wrong / Good and Evil
maruziyat / معروضیتobjectivity
masaael / مسائلproblems
mashriq / مشرقeast
Masraḥ-e ʿĀlam / مسرحِ عالمWorld stage
Matn (Matn-e-Hadith) / متن (متنِ حدیث)Text (Text of Hadith)
Matn-e-Hadith / متنِ حدیثThe textual content of a Hadith
Mau'izat / موعظتAdmonition
Mauzoon / موزوںSuitable / Appropriate
Mauzu' / موضوعSubject / Topic
Mawqif / موقفStance, position
Mawẓūʿī / موضوعیSubjective
mazeed / مزیدmore
mazmoon / مضمونcommon topic
Maʾmūr Min Allāh / مامور من اللہAppointed by God
Maʿrūẓī / معروضیObjective
minhaaj / منہاجway, path, program
Minhaj / منہاجMethodology
Min Jumlah / من جملہ
Among Them
miraas / میراثinheritance, heritage, legacy
moajazah / معجزہmiracles
mohaqqiq / محققresearcher
mu'aashrat / معاشرتsocial
muaashirat / معاشرتsociety
muaashra / معاشرہsociety
muamma / معمہpuzzle
mubaadi / مبادیcore
Mubahasah / مباحثہDiscussion
Mubasharat / مباشرت
Intimacy
Mubarrahan / مبرہنDemonstrated, proven
mubayyana / مبینہallegedly
Mubham (Ibham) / مبہم (ابہام)Ambiguous (Ambiguity)
mufakkir / مفکرthinker (fikr karne waala)
muhaafiz / محافظguardian
muhaqqiq / محققresearcher
Muḥkamāt / محکماتClear verses
Muḥṣanah / محصنہChaste woman
mujtahideen / مجتہدینpeople who do ijtehaad
Mukabarat / مکابرتObstinacy
Mukāfāt / مکافاتRetribution
Mukalama / مکالمہDialogue
mukallaf / مکلفaccountable (religiously)
Mukāshafah / مکاشفہRevelation
mukhaatibeen / مخاطبینaudience
Multavi / ملتوی
Postponed
Mumkinah Hal / ممکنہ حل
Possible Solution
Munazara / مناظرہDebate
munazzam / منظمorganize
munsif / منصفjudge
muntakhab / منتخبelected
Muqtadi / مقتدیFollower (in Prayer)
murattab / مرتبput in order
Mutahaqqaq / متحقق
Realized
Mutaratab / مترتب
Sequential
musallam مسلّمwhole/complete
musbat / مثبتpositive
mushaahida / مشاہدہobservation
mustanad / مستندauthentic
mustasna / مستثناءexempt/exception
mutaala / مطالعہstudy
mutaalaba / مطالبہdemand
mutaiyyan / متعینpin point/identify
Mutashābihāt / متشابہاتAmbiguous verses
Mutawazi / متوازیParallel
muyassar / میسرavailable
Muzakara / مذاکرہDeliberation
muzammat / مذمتcensure
muzmar / مضمرhidden, concealed
naafiz / نافذimplement
nafi / نفیnegate
nafs / نفسmind, soul
Nafsiyaat (Nafsiyati Mas'alah) / نفسیات (نفسیاتی مسئلہ)Psychology (Psychological Issue)
Nafsiyātī Tajziyah / نفسیاتی تجزیہPsychological analysis
Na-Guzir / ناگزیر
inevitable
Nahī (Nawāhī) / نواہی (نہی)Prohibition(s)
namudaar / نمودارappear
Naqd wa Jarḥ / نقد و جرحCriticism and evaluation
Naqd-o-Nazar ki Classical Riwayat / نقد و نظر کی کلاسیکی روایتThe classical tradition of critique and analysis
Naql (Aql-o-Naql) / نقل (عقل و نقل)Tradition (Reason and Tradition)
Nāsiḵ / ناسخThe abrogator (new law)
natamaam / ناتمامincomplete
Nateejah-e-Fikr (Nataij) / نتیجۂ فکر (نتائج)Conclusion / Outcome (Outcomes)
nauiyat / نوعیتcharacteristic/category
Nawaqiz / نواقضNullifiers
Nazar o Niyaz / نذر و نیازOfferings and Dedications
Nazm-e-Ijtimai / نظمِ اجتماعیSocial Order
Nazm-e-Kalaam / نظم کلامStructure of Speech / Order of Discourse / Coherence
Nazm-o-tarteeb / نظم و ترتیبOrder and arrangement
nifaaz / نفاذimplementation
nisar / نثارsacrifice
Nishaat-e-Khatir / نشاط خاطر
Inner Joy
Nizaam / نظامِSystem
nizameshamsi / نظامِ شمسیsolar system
numaindagi / نمائندگیrepresentation
nuqta e nazar / نقطۂ نظرpoint of view
Nuzūlī Tartīb / نزولی ترتیبDescending order
paamaal / پامالbeaten, crushed
Parastish / پرستشWorship
Parwardigār / پروردگارLord, Sustainer
peshangoi / پیشین گوئprediction/forecast
qabaeli / قبائلیtribal
Qaḥbah / قحبہProstitute
Qaim Shudah / قائم شدہEstablished
Qānūnī Ḥaysiyat / قانونی حیثیتLegal status
Qānūnī Sanad / قانونی سندLegal document
Qareena / قرینہpoint
Qasr / قصر
Shortening (of Prayer)
Qat'i / Hatmi / قطعی / حتمیDefinitive / Final
Qat’i al-Dalala / قطعی الدلالہDefinitive Evidence
Qat‘i li-Ghairihi / قطعی لغیرہٖDefinitive through corroboration (a source or evidence that gains certainty through association with definitive evidence)
Qatl-e Nafs / قتلِ نفسKilling of the soul/self (suicide)
Qaum (Aqwam) / قوم (اقوام)Nation (Nations)
qawaneen / قوانین (قانون کی جمع)laws
qeh-qaha uraana / قہقہہ اڑاناlaugh or mock others/
qillat / قلتdeficiency
Qitaal (Jihad-o-Qitaal) / قتال (جہاد و قتال)Fighting (Jihad and Combat)
qiyadat / قیادتleadership
Qiyās / قیاسAnalogical reasoning
rabubiyat / ربوبیتgod's provision
raddeamal / ردِّعملreaction
rahnuma / رہنماguide/leader
Rai (Araa) / راے (آراء)Opinion (Opinions)
Rasikh (Rusuukh) / راسخ (رسوخ)Firm / Established (Establishment)
Riwayat (Hadith, Tareekhi Riwayat) / روایت (حدیث، تاریخی روایت)Narration (Hadith, Historical Narration)
Riwayat / Riwayati Fikr / روایت / روایتی فکرTradition / Traditional Thought
roz marra / روز مرّہmatter of everyday
Rukoo o Sujood / رکوع و سجودBowing and Prostration
Sa'ee La Haasil / سعی لا حاصل
Fruitless Effort
Sa'ee / سعیEffort / Struggle
Sadd-e Rāh / سد راہObstruction
Sadd-e-Zariya / سد ذریعہPrevention of Means
sahaafi / صحافیjournalist
Saheefa-e-Inzaar o Basharat / صحیفۂ انذار و بشارت
Scripture of Warning and Glad Tidings
saiyaara / سیارہplanet
sakhtiyati lisaniyat / ساختی لسانیتstructural linguistics
salaah / اصلاحorder (opposite of fasaad)/correction
saleebi jung / صلیبی جنگcrusade
Sanihah / سانحہIncident / Catastrophe
saqafti / ثقافتیtraditional
Sar Rishta / سر رشتہLink / Connection
Sareeh / صریحExplicit
Sarguzasht (Sarguzasht-e-Inzaar) / سرگذشت (سرگزشت انذار)Story / Account (Story of Warning)
Ṣawāb / صوابCorrectness
Saʿādat / سعادتBlessedness, success
Seerat-o-Sawaneh / سیرت و سوانحLife and Biography
shaad / شادhappy
shaaz / شاذrare
Shah Parah-e-Adab / شہ پارۂ ادب
Masterpiece of Literature
shaistagi / شائستگیpolitely
Shajar-e Mamnūʿah / شجرِ ممنوعہForbidden tree
Shaʿāʾir / شعائرSacred symbols
sifaat / صفاتqualities
sifaati / صفاتیqualitative
sinf / صنفgenre
Siyaaq-o-Sabaq / سیاق و سباقContext
Sophistaiyat / سوفسطائیتSophistry
Sunnat (Sunnat-e-Ilahi) / سنت (سنتِ الہی)Divine Sunnah, Dealings and Practices of God
Sunnat (Sunnat-e-Mutawatera) / سنت (سنتِ متواترہ)Sunnah (Continuous Sunnah)
Ṣuʿūdī Tartīb / صعودی ترتیبAscending order
Ta'ameer (Ta'ameer-e-Shakhsiyat) / تعمیر (تعمیرِ شخصیت)Development / Construction (Personality Development)
Ta’weel / تاویلInterpretation
taabeer / تعبیرinterpretation
taaveel / تاویلreasoning
taazeeb / تعذیبpunish
Tabeer-e-No / تعبیرِ نوNew Interpretation
Tabyeen-o-Tafheem / تبیین و تفہیمExplanation and Understanding
tadabbur / تدبرobserve deeply, investigate, ponder
Tadeeb (Aurat ki Tadeeb) / تادیب (عورت کی تادیب)Discipline / Correction (Discipline of a woman)
tadreeji / تدریجیgradually
Tadween / تدوینCompilation
taeed / تائیدconcur
Tafarraqah / تفرقہ
Division
tafheem / تفہیمexplanation
Tafseel / تفصیلDetail
Tag wa Do (Saʿī) / تگ و دو (سعی)Struggle and effort
taghaiuur / تغيرchange
tahaffuz / تحفظprotection/safety
taham / تاہمtherefore
tahammul / تحملtolerance
tahreek / تحریکmovement
tahreer / تحریرcomposition, writing
Tahẕībī Riwāyat / تہذیبی روایتCultural tradition
tajaweez / تجویز تجاویزproposal
Tajdeed-o-Islah / تجدید و اصلاحRenewal and Reform
tajziya / تجزیہexamination, analysis
takallum / تکلمspeaking/communication
Takfeer / تکفیرDeclaration of Disbelief (Excommunication in religious context)
Takhfeef / تخفیفConcession
takhleeq / تخلیقcreation
Taleef (Jumlay ki Taleef) / تالیف (جملے کی تالیف)Composition (Composition of sentences)
talkeen / تلقینadvice
tamaddun / تمدّنcivilization
Tamaddunī Ḥālat / تمدنی حالتCivilizational state
tamheed / تمہیدpreface
tamseel / تمثیلallegory, drama
Ta'aamul / تعامل
Interaction
tanaasub / تناسبharmony/proportion
tanaazur / تناظرperspective
Tanqeed / تنقیدCriticism
Tanqeeh / تنقیحRevision / Refinement
Tansīkh / تنسیخAbrogation
tanzeem / تنظیمorganization
taqaddus / تقدّسsanctity, holiness
taqarrur / تقرّرappoint
Taqleed / تقلیدImitation / Following (in a traditional sense)
Taqreer-o-Tasweeb / تقریر و تصویبSpeech and Approval
taraddud / تردّدIrresolution / Hesitation
tarmeem / ترمیمamend, renovate
tarteeb / ترتیبorder, structure
tasaadum / تصادمconflict, collision, clash
tasavvur / تصوّرimagination/perception
Tasawwuf / تصوفSufism
Tasbeeh o Tahmeed / تسبیح و تحمید
Glorification and Praise of God
Tashakhus / تشخص
Identity
tashaddud / تشدّدviolence/violence
Tashkeel-e-Jadeed / تشکیلِ جدیدReformation / Reconstruction
tashrihi / تشریحیanalytical
tashvish / تشویشsuspense, suspicion
Tat'awwuh / تطوعVoluntary Act
Tatheer (Tatheer-e-Badan) / تطہیر (تطہیرِ بدن)Purification (Purification of the Body)
tatheer / تطہیرpurification
tauzeeh / توضیحelaborate, clarify, investigate
tawanaai / توانائenergy
tawatur / تواترperpetuation; continual adherance
tawazun / توازنbalance, equality
Tayammum / تیمم
Dry Ablution
tazkeer / تذکیرrepetition of words/ doing zikr
tazkiya / تزکیہpurification
tehreek / تحریکmovement
Toam / توامTwin
uloom / علومknowledge (ilm)
Ummahat-e-Kutub / امہاتِ کتبPrimary / Foundational Books
umoomi / عمومیcommon
unsar / عنصرatom/portion
usloob / اسلوبstyle/diction/way
waazey / واضحclear
wajdaan / وجدانintuition
Worldview / ورلڈ ویووWorldview
zaabta / ضابطہdiscipline/constitution/law
Zaat -e- waala Sifaat / ذات والا صفاتExalted Personality
Ẓāhirī Ḥawās / ظاہری حواسOuter senses
Zahiri Wujood / ظاہری وجودExternal Existence
zahoor / ظہورzaahir hona, appear
zakheeray / ذخیرہstorage
zanni/dhanni / ظنّیunverifiable
Zanni Maakhiz / ظنی مآخذProbabilistic or conjectural sources
Zauq / ذوقTaste / Appreciation (often of art or beauty)
zawabit-e qudrat / ضوابط قدرتnatural laws
Zehn / ذہنMind
Zumra Jaati / زمرہ جاتیCategorical
ʿĀlam-e Ru'yā / عالمِ رؤیاThe world of dreams
ʿAmal-e Ṣāliḥ / عملِ صالحRighteous deed
ʿĀmiyānah Taqlīd / عامیانہ تقلیدBlind imitation
ʿAṭf wa Maʿṭūf / عطف و معطوفConjunction and its conjunct

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